We will conduct meta-analyses to determine risk ratio for dichotomous data, and mean difference (MD) or standardised MD for continuous data for TENS versus placebo TENS, no treatment or waiting list control, standard of care, and other treatments. Primary outcomes will be: (i) participant-reported pain relief of ≥30% expressed as frequency (dichotomous) data and (ii) participant-reported pain intensity expressed as mean (continuous) data. Two reviewers will independently undertake RCT selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. We will screen the RCTs against eligibility criteria for inclusion in our review. We intend to search electronic databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, PEDRO, Web of Science, AMED and SPORTDiscus) from inception to the present day to identify all randomised controlled trials (RCT) on the use of TENS in adults for any type of pain including acute pain, chronic pain and cancer-related pain.
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